第 12 題
解一:
對任意 \(k=0,1,2,\cdots, 21\)
\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{k+1}C^{21}_k=\frac{1}{k+1}\cdot\frac{21!}{k!(21-k)!}=\frac{1}{22}\cdot\frac{22!}{(k+1)!(21-k)!}=\frac{1}{22}C^{22}_{k+1}\)
因此,
所求=\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{22}\left(C^{22}_1+C^{22}_2+C^{22}_3\cdots+C^{22}_{22}\right)\)
\(\displaystyle =\frac{1}{22}\left(2^{22}-1\right)=\frac{4194303}{22}\)
註:\(2^{22}=2^{10}\cdot2^{10}\cdot4=1024\times1024\times4\)
解二:
因為 \((1+x)^{21}=C^{21}_0+C^{21}_1x+C^{21}_2 x^2+\cdots+C^{21}_{21}x^{21}\)
等號的左右兩邊同時對 \(x\) 積分,
可得 \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{22}(1+x)^{22}=C^{21}_0x+\frac{1}{2}C^{21}_1x^2+\frac{1}{3}C^{21}_2 x^3+\cdots+\frac{1}{22}C^{21}_{21}x^{22}+k\)
其中 \(k\) 為常數,
將 \(x=0\) 帶入,可解得 \(\displaystyle k=\frac{1}{22}\)
因此,\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{22}(1+x)^{22}=C^{21}_0x+\frac{1}{2}C^{21}_1x^2+\frac{1}{3}C^{21}_2 x^3+\cdots+\frac{1}{22}C^{21}_{21}x^{22}+\frac{1}{22}\)
\(\displaystyle \Rightarrow C^{21}_0x+\frac{1}{2}C^{21}_1x^2+\frac{1}{3}C^{21}_2 x^3+\cdots+\frac{1}{22}C^{21}_{21}x^{22}=\frac{1}{22}\left(\left(1+x\right)^{22}-1\right)\)
將 \(x=1\) 帶入上式,即可得所求=\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{22}\left(2^{22}-1\right)=\frac{4194303}{22}\)
110.8.15補充
求滿足\(\displaystyle C_0^n+\frac{1}{2}C_1^n+\ldots+\frac{1}{n+1}C_n^n=\frac{31}{n+1}\)的正整數\(n\)。
https://math.pro/db/thread-3224-1-1.html
設\(n\)為自然數,若\(\displaystyle C_0^n+\frac{1}{2}C_1^n+\frac{1}{3}C_2^n+\ldots+\frac{1}{n+1}C_n^n=\frac{4095}{n+1}\),則\(n=\)
。
(110桃園高中,
https://math.pro/db/thread-3512-1-1.html)