第 3 題
解答:
令 \(\displaystyle \left(3+\sqrt{7}\right)^n=C^n_0 3^n+ C^n_1 3^{n-1}\left(\sqrt{7}\right)+ C^n_2 3^{n-2}\left(\sqrt{7}\right)^2+\cdots+ C^n_n \left(\sqrt{7}\right)^n\)
\(=A+B\sqrt{7}\) ,其中 \(A,B\) 為整數,
則 \(\displaystyle \left(3-\sqrt{7}\right)^n=C^n_0 3^n- C^n_1 3^{n-1}\left(\sqrt{7}\right)+ C^n_2 3^{n-2}\left(\sqrt{7}\right)^2+\cdots+ \left(-1\right)^n C^n_n \left(\sqrt{7}\right)^n\)
\(=A-B\sqrt{7},\)
\(\displaystyle \Rightarrow \left(3+\sqrt{7}\right)^n+\left(3-\sqrt{7}\right)^n=2A\)
\(\displaystyle \Rightarrow \left(3+\sqrt{7}\right)^n=\left(2A-1\right)+\left[1-\left(3-\sqrt{7}\right)^n\right]\)
又因為 \(\displaystyle 0<3-\sqrt{7}<1\Rightarrow 0<\left(3-\sqrt{7}\right)^n<1\Rightarrow 0<1-\left(3-\sqrt{7}\right)^n<1\)
所以 \(\displaystyle \left(3+\sqrt{7}\right)^n\) 的整數部分為 \(2A-1\),小數部分為 \(\displaystyle 1-\left(3-\sqrt{7}\right)^n.\)
故,\(\displaystyle \left(3+\sqrt{7}\right)^n\) 的整數部分為奇數。