積分的題目,透過黎曼和求極限,與積分之間的轉換.
若 \(\displaystyle x_n=\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{n+n}\),\(n\) 為自然數,試求 \(\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}x_n\).
解答:
先分析一般項,\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{n+k} = \frac{1}{n}\cdot\frac{1}{1+\frac{k}{n}},\;\forall\, 1\leq k\leq n.\)
所以令 \(\displaystyle f\left(x\right) = \frac{1}{1+x}\),則
\[x_n = \sum\limits_{k=1}^{n} f\left(\frac{k}{n}\right)\cdot\frac{1}{n}\]
此為,將 \(f\left(x\right)\) 定義域裡的 \([0,1]\) 區間分隔成等寬的 \(n\) 等份,所求得對應 \(n\) 個矩形的右黎曼和.
故,
\[\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}x_n = \int_0^1 f\left(x\right)dx = \int_0^1 \frac{dx}{1+x} = \Bigg.\ln\left(1+x\right)\Bigg|_0^1 = \ln2-\ln1=\ln2.\]