2.
求下列的級數和:\( 1 \times 2+(1 \times 2+2 \times 3)+(1 \times 2+2 \times 3+3 \times 4)+\ldots+(1 \times 2+2 \times 3+3 \times 4+\ldots+(n-1)\times n) \)
類題
\( 1+2(1+3)+3(1+3+6)+4(1+3+6+10)+...+17(1+3+6+...+153)= \)?
(101中正高中二招,
https://math.pro/db/thread-1446-1-1.html)
因為102文華高中這題問的是一般項,用差分來算的話最後會得到\( \displaystyle a \times C_0^n+b \times C_1^n+c \times C_2^n+d \times C_3^n+e \times C_4^n \),整理答案時因式分解反而又變得更麻煩
11.
設\( \displaystyle f(a,b)=(61-a-28b)^2+(62-a-29b)^2+(60-a-30b)^2+(58-a-31b)^2+(59-a-32b)^2 \),當\( f(a,b) \)有最小值時,求此時數對\( (a,b)= \)?
[解答]
對\( f(a,b) \)的a偏微分得
\( 2(61-a-28b)(-1)+2(62-a-29b)(-1)+2(60-a-30b)(-1)+2(58-a-31b)(-1)+2(59-a-32b)(-1) \)
\( =-2[(58+59+60+61+62)-5a-(28+29+30+31+32)b] \)
\( =-2(300-5a-150b)=-10(60-a-30b)=0 \)
得\( a=60-30b \)代入原式
\( (61-60+30b-28b)^2+(62-60+30b-29b)^2+(60-60+30b-30b)^2+(58-60+30b-31b)^2+(59-60+30b-32b)^2 \)
\( =(1+2b)^2+(2+b)^2+(-2-b)^2+(-1-2b)^2 \)
\( \displaystyle =10b^2+16b+10=10(b+\frac{4}{5})^2+\frac{18}{5} \)
當\( \displaystyle b=-\frac{4}{5} \),\( \displaystyle a=60-30\times \frac{-4}{5}=84 \)時,\( f(a,b) \)有最小值
類題
Find the minimum value of \( 2x^2+2y^2+5z^2-2xy-4yz-4x-2z+15 \) for real numbers x, y, z.
(USA Stanford Mathematics Tournament 2006,
http://www.artofproblemsolving.c ... d=166&year=2006)
這題可以湊成完全平方式求得最小值,假若一時之間看不出來該怎麼湊的話
分別對x,y,z作偏微分,三個式子解出來的x,y,z就會讓原式有最小值
https://math.pro/db/viewthread.php?tid=709&page=2#pid1924